Yellow Birch : References

Bartlett Tree Experts. (2014). Map Display - ArborScope. Map Display - ArborScope.

Bourque, C. A., Cox, R. M., Allen, D. J., Arp, P. A., & Fan-Rui, M. (2005). Spatial extent of winter thaw events in eastern North America: historical weather records in relation to yellow birch decline. Global Change Biology, 11(9), 1477-1492. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00956.x

The Crooked Chimney. (2014). Word Press. http://www.crookedchimneysyrup.com/?page_id=24

Erdmann, G. G (2014) "Yellow Birch." Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry (USDA), (2).

Fern, K. (1955-2010). Betula allegehaniensis- Britton. Plants for a Future. http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Betula+alleghaniensis

Harlow, W., & Harrar, E. (1968). Textbook of dendrology, covering the important forest trees of the United States and Canada (5th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Hilty, J. (2009-2014). Yellow birch. Trees, Shrubs, and Woody Vines of Illinois. http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/trees/plants/yellow_birch.html

Jackson, H. (1891). September. In A calendar of sonnets. Boston: Roberts Bros

Meier, E. (2014). Yellow birch. The Wood Database (lumber identification). http://www.wood-database.com/lumber-identification/hardwoods/yellow-birch/

Nesom, G. (2006). Yellow birch, betula alleghaniensis Britt. USDA NRCS Plant Guide. 

Pesaturo, J. (2014). Wintergreen extract from birch. One Acre Farm.

Randall, J., Eisberry, C., Sandoval-Green, C. (2012). Tree identification: yellow birch(Betula Alleghaniensis). ISU Forestry Extension, Iowa State University.

The Hiker’s Notebook(2014). Sierra Club. http://www.sierrapotomac.org/W_Needham/YellowBirch_070320.htm

University of Michigan. (2003). Yellow birch. Native American Ethnobotany. http://herb.umd.umich.edu/herb/search.pl?searchstring=Betula+alleghaniensis

Walker, L. (1984). Forests to Fine Furniture: The Northern Hardwoods. In Trees: An Introduction to Trees and Forest Ecology for the Amateur Naturalist (pp. 271-280). Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.